There are a wide variety of ways in which plant genetic resource are used in crop breeding programs. These depend upon the problems which the breeder is trying to solve, the resources at hand to solve then, the reproductive biology of the crop and the availability of appropriate genetic resource collections. The important fact is that all the breeding programmers depends on genetic resources of one or another type to make progress in improving yield, curbing diseases, enhancing pest resistance, and improving product quality of the crop or forage they are responsible for. This volume looks at the application of variety of plant breeding techniques to agricultural development. Basic aims of the plant breeding are high yield, quality and quantity development, resistance or tolerance of adaptation ability to stress factors etc. They are being utilized from the genetic variation to be able to manage all these components. The present volume addresses recent concerns about the newest and most important applications of biotechnology in plant breeding programs. The chapters have been compiled into 2 volumes, written by experts in their respective fields from different instaurations/universities. Important references to each chapter have been cited for detailed reading.